The Berlin Process, a diplomatic initiative launched by Germany, aims to integrate six Western Balkan states—Serbia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, and North Macedonia—into the European Union. This annual summit in Berlin brings together heads of state from these nations and representatives from various EU Member States and international organizations. Since its inception in 2014, the process has focused on fostering regional cooperation through a proposed regional market and mobility agreement.
The geopolitical significance of the Western Balkans has been underscored by events such as the war in Ukraine and Hungary's EU Council presidency. Croatia remains the last country to join the EU in 2013, highlighting the slow progress of EU enlargement in the region. The summit's agenda includes addressing regional economic integration, resolving historical conflicts, and enhancing mobility and cooperation among the Balkan states.
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen have emphasized the importance of speeding up the accession process. Scholz has called for a renewed dynamic in normalizing relations between Serbia and Kosovo, a longstanding challenge affecting the region's stability. Montenegro is currently considered the most promising candidate for EU membership, with hopes of joining by 2028.
While significant strides have been made, such as resolutions concerning the Cefta Free Trade Agreement, challenges persist. Nationalistic rhetoric and unresolved disputes continue to hinder progress. Nonetheless, the Berlin Process remains a crucial platform for promoting EU values and preparing the Western Balkan countries for eventual membership.
