The Western Balkans face significant hurdles on their path to European Union (EU) integration. Despite a decade-long Berlin Process aimed at facilitating this transition, progress remains slow. Ethnic conflicts, corruption, and poverty are persistent issues, compounded by political tensions, such as the Serbia-Kosovo dispute.
EU double standards and stagnation in reforms have led to frustration within the region. As some countries like Ukraine and Moldova see accelerated EU membership processes, the Western Balkans remain in a state of limbo, with many young, educated individuals emigrating.
Germany, a key player in the process, has faced criticism for engaging in strategic deals, such as a lithium agreement with Serbia, without preconditions on democratic reforms. However, initiatives like the CEFTA free trade agreement aim to boost regional cooperation, though they have had limited success due to similar economies.
Scholz and Von der Leyen emphasize a unified approach, urging the simultaneous accession of all six Western Balkan states, contingent on Serbia's recognition of Kosovo. This strategy, coupled with gradual integration into the EU market, offers a pathway forward, albeit with the expectation of meeting stringent criteria by 2030.
