The COP29 climate summit in Baku is mired in disputes over climate finance, fossil fuel transitions, and global trade dynamics. Developing countries are demanding increased financial support to mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, economic concerns, geopolitical tensions, and the re-election of Donald Trump as US president are seen as significant distractions.
Azerbaijan, hosting the summit, advocates for natural gas as a transitional fuel while aiming to achieve 35% renewable energy by 2030. Yet, the country's human rights record, particularly concerning political prisoners and ethnic Armenians, draws criticism. Despite these controversies, Azerbaijan exported 11.8 billion cubic meters of gas in 2022, with projections of reaching 12 billion in 2023.
China has proposed addressing "restrictive trade measures," such as the European Union's carbon border tariffs and Trump's proposed 20% tariffs on foreign goods. Meanwhile, the Biden administration is urging China and Gulf nations to contribute more to climate finance, emphasizing the universal nature of climate challenges.
The summit also faces logistical challenges, with lower attendance attributed to Azerbaijan's hosting capacity and late announcement as the venue. As major global leaders like President Biden and French President Macron refrain from attending, the summit's effectiveness in advancing global climate policies is under scrutiny.
A critical point of discussion is the financial commitment required to support developing nations. The outdated $100 billion annual target set in 2009 is being reevaluated, with some estimates suggesting the need for trillions. Unleashing private finance is seen as crucial, yet remains a challenge. As the world approaches a pivotal decade for climate action, COP29's outcomes will be crucial in shaping global climate strategies.
