Italy is contemplating a return to nuclear energy after a 35-year hiatus, driven by the dual goals of enhancing energy security and meeting climate targets. Energy Minister Gilberto Pichetto Fratin announced that modern nuclear power plants, in conjunction with renewable energy sources, could position Italy to achieve its environmental objectives while ensuring comprehensive energy security. The government plans to draft legislation within a year to facilitate this potential shift.
The financing for new nuclear facilities is expected to come from private investors and state subsidies. However, critics highlight the high costs and extended construction timelines associated with nuclear energy. They point to the example of France's Flamanville EPR reactor, which took 17 years to complete, significantly over budget and schedule.
Historically, Italy was a pioneer in nuclear technology. However, the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 shifted public opinion dramatically, leading to the closure of its last nuclear plant in 1990. A subsequent referendum, following the Fukushima incident, reaffirmed public opposition to nuclear energy. Despite this, the current government is exploring partnerships with France and the US to facilitate a nuclear renaissance.
Public opinion remains largely opposed, with a recent survey indicating that 81% of Italians are against nuclear power. Nonetheless, the government under Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni is moving forward with discussions and legislative efforts, citing potential cost savings of 17 billion euros and a future nuclear energy share of up to 22% as motivating factors. As Italy revisits its nuclear past, the debate over its feasibility and desirability continues.
